Numerous experiments have shown that the normal recovery of fertilizer nitrogen applied to the wetland rice crop is seldom more than 30-40%. Even with the best agronomic practices and strictly controlled conditions, recovery of fertilizar nitrogen by the rice crop seldom exceeds 60-68% (De Datta et al 1968, Prasad et al 1970, Prasad and Do Datta 1979). Balance of most of the nitrogen is lost in the soil, or to the atmosphere by nitrification and denitri-fication, ammonia volatilization, immo-bilization, leaching, and ammonium fixation.
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